Selection factors and efficient heat dissipation design of charging pile cooling fan

With the continuous increase in the penetration rate of new energy vehicles, the stability of charging piles as core supporting facilities directly affects user experience and equipment lifespan. Among the many components of the charging station, the heat dissipation system is the key to ensuring the long-term efficient operation of the equipment, and as the "power core" of the heat dissipation system, the rationality of the selection and scientific design of the heat dissipation fan are crucial. This article will systematically review the core factors for selecting cooling fans for charging stations, and propose an efficient cooling design scheme based on actual needs. ​
1、 The core function and heat dissipation requirements of the charging pile cooling fan
During the operation of the charging station, core components such as power modules (such as IGBT), charging modules, capacitors, etc. generate a large amount of heat, especially in fast charging scenarios where the short-term heating power is extremely high. If the heat cannot be dissipated in a timely manner, it can cause the temperature of the components to exceed the threshold, leading to insulation aging, performance degradation, shortened lifespan, and even triggering protection mechanisms to interrupt charging or causing safety accidents. ​
The heat dissipation requirements of charging stations have significant characteristics: firstly, the heat generation is concentrated and the power fluctuation is large. During fast charging, the heat generation power can reach several kilowatts, while during standby, it is extremely low; Secondly, the operating environment is complex and may face harsh conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, dust, and vibration; Thirdly, strict requirements are placed on the reliability, quietness, and energy efficiency of the cooling system, ensuring long-term stable operation while controlling noise pollution and energy consumption. As the core component of forced convection heat dissipation, the performance of the cooling fan directly determines the heat dissipation efficiency and stability of the cooling system. ​
2、 Key selection factors for cooling fans of charging stations
The selection of cooling fans should be based on the cooling requirements, operating environment, and performance requirements of the charging station. The core factors include aerodynamic performance, environmental adaptability, reliability, energy efficiency, and additional characteristics, among others. The specific details are as follows:
（1） Aerodynamic performance: a core indicator for matching heat dissipation requirements
The aerodynamic performance is the primary basis for fan selection, directly determining the heat dissipation efficiency. The core indicators include air volume, air pressure, and wind speed, which need to be matched with the heat dissipation channel design and heating power of the charging station. ​
one
Airflow: refers to the volume of air delivered by a fan per unit time, usually measured in CFM (cubic feet per minute) or m ³/h. The selection of air volume should be based on the total heat generation of the charging station, the maximum allowable temperature rise, and the specific heat capacity of the air. For example, for a fast charging module with a heating power of 3kW, if a temperature rise of 40 ℃ is allowed, the minimum required air volume can be calculated based on the heat calculation formula Q=cm Δ t. If the air volume is insufficient, it will cause slow air flow in the heat dissipation channel, and the heat cannot be carried away in a timely manner; If the air volume is too high, it will cause energy waste and increased noise. ​
two
Wind pressure: refers to the ability of a fan to overcome the resistance of the cooling system (such as heat dissipation fins, air duct bends, dust nets, etc.), measured in Pa. In the cooling system of a charging station, the density of heat dissipation fins, the length and curvature of the air duct, and the aperture of the dust net all generate wind resistance. If the fan pressure is insufficient, even if the air volume parameter meets the standard, the actual effective air intake will be significantly reduced, resulting in a decrease in heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, when selecting, it is necessary to consider the total air resistance of the cooling system and choose a fan with sufficient air pressure to ensure that air can smoothly pass through the cooling core area. ​
three
Wind speed: Wind speed is related to air volume and duct cross-sectional area, directly affecting the heat exchange efficiency between air and heat dissipation components. In the area of the heat dissipation fins, sufficient wind speed can break the thermal boundary layer on the surface of the component and accelerate heat transfer. It is usually required that the wind speed formed by the fan on the surface of the heat dissipation fins is not less than 2m/s, and the specific parameters need to be adjusted according to the fin spacing, heat dissipation area, etc.