Introduction to cooling fan

A cooling fan is a device that accelerates air flow through electric power to achieve cooling function, and is widely used in various fields such as electronics, automobiles, and industry. Here is a detailed introduction about it:
working principle
The working principle of a cooling fan is achieved through energy conversion, that is, electrical energy → electromagnetic energy → mechanical energy → kinetic energy. There are various forms of circuit principles, and different circuits can result in differences in fan performance.
classification
Classified by driving power supply:
AC fan: directly connected to the mains power, the speed is determined by the power frequency, usually not adjustable, the structure is simple, the cost is more than 30% lower than DC fans, suitable for long-term operation scenarios, but the energy consumption is high and the noise is loud, such as household floor fans, industrial fume hoods, etc.
DC fan: driven by permanent magnet rotor and electronic commutator, supporting PWM signal speed regulation, mainly powered by 5V and 12V low voltage, saving 40% electricity compared to AC fan under the same air volume, low noise, and can adjust the speed in real time according to the device temperature. It is commonly used for computer CPU cooling, laptops and other electronic devices.
EC electronic speed regulating fan: Equipped with an AC-DC conversion module, it can automatically detect temperature and adjust speed, reducing energy consumption by 20% compared to DC fans. It has a lifespan of up to 100000 hours and can start stably even at low voltage. However, its price is relatively high, making it suitable for scenarios such as data centers and HVAC systems that require high energy efficiency and intelligent control.
Classified by wind direction:
Axial flow fan: The blades push the air to flow in the same direction as the shaft, with a compact structure and easy installation. It has a high flow rate and moderate air pressure, and is widely used for heat dissipation in electrical equipment cabinets, motors, etc.
Centrifugal fan: The blades push the air to flow in a direction perpendicular to the axis, with the inlet along the axis and the outlet perpendicular to the axis. It has a limited flow rate and high air pressure, and is commonly used in situations where the airflow needs to rotate 90 degrees to be discharged or requires high air pressure, such as air conditioning outdoor units, boiler ventilation, etc.